Live indicator · Federal Reserve data

Real Interest Rates — Inflation-Adjusted Rate Chart

The real interest rate is the nominal rate minus inflation: what a saver actually keeps. This chart shows the 10-year TIPS yield, which is that rate directly.

Real Interest Rates

10-Year Treasury yield minus inflation rate. Negative values indicate favorable conditions for market growth.

Thresholds: Negative ≤-1 • Warning ≤1 • Positive >1

POSITIVE

Today's reading sits at the 95.6th percentile of 284 months since 2003.

Current Value
2.46%
3-month Change
+0.3
3-month % Change
+0.3%

Why this can crash the market

The real rate is the true price of money, and it sets what every other asset is worth. When real rates are deeply negative, cash loses value, so money moves into stocks and property. When real rates turn high and positive, the process reverses: safe bonds pay a real return, capital leaves stocks, and companies that survived on cheap borrowing break first.

Historical Data

The last three years • Source: FRED DFII10 (10-Year TIPS constant maturity), daily

Real Interest Rates
2.46 0.03 (1.23%) vs prevSep 9, 2026

What Are Real Interest Rates?

The real interest rate is the true cost of borrowing and the true return on saving, after inflation. It sets what every other asset is worth.

The Formula

  • Real Rate = Nominal Rate - Inflation Rate
  • Example: 5% nominal - 3% inflation = 2% real
  • TIPS yields provide market-implied real rates
  • Fed funds rate minus CPI gives policy real rate

Impact Thresholds

  • Below -2%: Extreme financial repression
  • -2% to 0%: Mild repression, risk-on
  • 0% to 2%: Neutral — balanced environment
  • Above 2%: Restrictive — market headwind

Why Real Rates Drive Everything

Negative Real Rates

  • Savers lose purchasing power in cash
  • Borrowing is effectively subsidized
  • Pushes capital into risky assets (stocks, crypto)
  • Governments can inflate away debt burdens

Positive Real Rates

  • Savers earn real returns in safe assets
  • Borrowing costs slow credit growth
  • Reduces speculation and risk-taking
  • Can trigger slowdown if too high for too long

Historical Context

Real rates were deeply negative from 2020 to 2022, while the Fed held rates near zero and inflation reached 9%. Asset prices rose sharply. The rate-hiking cycle that followed pushed real rates well above zero and helped drive the 2022 bear market.

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Real interest rate data provided for educational purposes only. Not investment advice.